Camera Angles

Camera Angles

Long Shot- Shows the whole image making it look almost life-sized. Also gives the impression that the image is only that far away in real life. This shot shows the whole body/object.

Medium Shot- Has the body/object in the shot from the waist or knees up. For an action shot, has minimal background in it.

Close-Up Shot-This shot focuses on a particular object very close up. Background detail is kept to a minimum. Used to show the importance of something, kind of a hint to the audience, or to show a specific detail that you can only see very closely.

Dolly Shot(Tracking)- The Camera is placed on a moving veichle which enables it to move alongside the character.

Pan- Movement of the camera that scans the scene horizontally. The camera is usually placed on a tripod to acheive this.

Ttilted Shot- Camera is used to scan a scene vertically, similar to pan.

High Angle Shot- When the camera is usually located high above the body/object. The camera looks down on the point of focus which often gets swallowed up by the setting. High action shots usually make the character look vunerable or powerless.

Low Angle Shot- This is when the camera is positioned low on a vertical axis, often at knee height, looking up.

Shot Reverse Shot- This is a film technique where one character is shown looking at another character, and then the other cahraceter is shown looking back at the first character.



0.00-0.11= The sunrise is a establishing shot.
0.12-0.14= These two shots are both close-up shots.
0.17-0.19= This shot is a long shot, because it has the whole body in it including the body's feet and head.
0.20-0.24= The shot of the two pelican's is a two shot, because there is two of them in the shot.
0.27-0.31=This shot is a high-angles shot, beacause the camera is situated high above.

New Technolgies

How have new technologies allowed film institutions to target audiences?

Production
When new technologies appear, a production of a film can become easier to do, due to special effects being easier to produce. New technologies such as 3-d, make a film just that little bit more interesting for some people to watch. As new technologies develop, films like 'Saw' will become of better quality due to the special effects and technologies needed to produce that film.




Marketing
New technologies have also influenced the way in which films can be marketed. The internet is the easiest and fastest way to advertise anything. Almost everyone will have some point downloaded music, films or podcasts from Itunes, and looked at trailers of movies on Youtube. And with new social networking sites such as facebook and twitter, people cant get away from film companies advertising their films.


Distribution
Most Digital Distribution is shared by the use of the Internet as film instituions can now target audiences through Itunes, podcasts and streaming. For example Itunes might offer an interview with someone very established, and people will download it to their Ipod to listen to.


Exhibition
The exhibition of a film is now alot easier due to new technolgies and digital distribution, making watching a film a better experience. New technology such as HD, and Blu-Ray are used to impress audiences and to encourage them to watch a film. Old fillms are now compared to new films that are exhibited using new technolgies, and are tagged as not looking very realistic compared to what we see now.

How Has New Technology Affected The Position of the Consumer?
New technology has allowed the consumer to take full control over what technology they look out for. For instance, when coming accross something that you dont want to watch on television, you just change the channel. However, with new technolgies still booming film producers can control their audiences feelings towrads an advertisment. For example using something that's going to make someone happy to bribe the viewer into watching it.

D.S.N Digital Screen Network
In the United Kingdom, a blockbuster film from hollywood, would hit about 300 cinema's, and would be very popular with audiences. However this then leaves independant cinema only just coping to grab viwers in. Digital screen networks have been made by the UK film council because the cost of releasing a digital film rather than a 35mm print would be alot cheaper. This now gives audiences a wider choice of where to go to watch long awaited hollywood films.

Distribution

Digital Distribution

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Marketing

Marketing is the methods companies use to advertise and distribute their prouducts. They use printing to advertise their products. They use designing and printing of artwork and posters. Independant films usually use about 10 prints whereas mainstream films use around 200 prints. In the U.K films are normally released on fridays. They do this so that people can see them at the weekend whereas bringing them out on a monday would be silly because people would forget about the film unless they deperately wanted to see it. The schedule for forthcoming releases is cooordinated and published by the film distributors association. The distributor will try to avoid positioning the film close to another film's release date or film's with similar traits. (story, subject, or country of origin).

Logistics of Distribution

Logistics of distribution is basically releasing films and managing to keep them alive in the cinema and when they eventually come out on DVD. Distribution focuses on marketing and trying to keep films on local makets worldwide. Logistics is important to the director because of accomadation, food and transport. The distributor's job is to come to an agreement with cinema's about when the film is going to be played and how long it's played for. They use 35mm prints for a film. The prints cost 1 thousand pounds each, and double the amount if there is subtitles added to the film. 1 print can only be shown at one time. Each film company will have 6 reels in total to give to worldwide cinema's, and each reel lasts about 20 minutes. The cinema's dont tend to buy the reels because they are too expensive, but rent them off the film companies instead.

Licensing

Licensing is the process by which a distributor requires the legal right to exploit a film. Big mainstream film companies such as disney and universal would have thier own distribution offices. Whereas, the independant film companies have to sell their films to different distributors in their territory. In addition to paying a fee to secure the film, the license will stipulate that the distributor will also have to pay royalties. Two years aftera film is opened on the big screens, it can then be played on television with sky having the first picks and shortly after ITV being able to show it to the whole of the U.K. Film distributors have to be able to split the budget to make sure that both the film and the promotions are to the best they can be.

Magazine Covers That Influence Me.

This magazine is an American Magazine. The Colours and fonts on this magazine inspire me. I like the idea of having two bold colours and a simple, but effective font type that will suit most people. The picture on this magazine is a good size and i like the way it overlaps the masthead. The layout of this magazine also inspires me as i think that overlaping pictures and masthead's look's really effective. It works really well when it's a well known magazine and people know what it is without seeing the full masthead.

The front of this magazine is really original. It's not like any other magazine and it really stood out to me when i spotted it. The picture is very wierd and wacky, but i love the font and the way they have coloured the font in. They have used a floral pattern , and i really like the idea of that. I also like the format of this magazine. Its quite a unusual format. Most magazines will have their barcode and price at the bottom, whereas on this magazine it's situated at the top. I like the way they have put the daisy hairband on the girl's head. This kind of links to the floral pattern on the masthead. I'm not a fan of the make-up that they have smothered all over the girl in the picture but it links in with the magazines idea of weird and wackyness.

Powerpoint ( The Gaze )

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Working Title & Warp Films

Mike Goodridge:
Goodridge states that Hollywood only want "tent pole" films. These are films that will be watched by men and women, boys & girls all over the world. They will be big hit films that will attract any type of person.

Tim Bevan:

Bevan said that producing a thriller or a drama would be a risk, because these days people prefer to watch comedy or horror films due to them wanting to relax and not have to concentrate alot on the movie. Another thing he said was that if a Hollywood producer made a film it would have a very big "bullseye" which says that it will be watched by a large audience compared to if it was a middle range film that wouldn't attract as many people. Therefore it would have a smaller "bullseye".

Lord Putnam:
Lord Putnam said that people are more interested in films when they like "who's in it" rather than "what's in it". Lord Putman has now stoppped directing films as he feels that people want to see established actors/actresses on a film rather than actually wanting to see the film because the storyline sounds interesting.

Shane Meadows (This is England):
Shane Meadows says that whilst he was making the hit film "This is England" he got to know and undestand the actors/actresses better. This then allowed him to know what sort of film was right for their personlaity. He could then establish whether he wanted them if he directed a film suited to them again. Whereas big hollywood stars such as Tom Cruise might not suit the film and because of this might even change the audiences understanding of the story.

Marketing

Merchandise: Merchandise is something that people use to advertise their new film. It can be toys, mugs, key rings and even clothing. It's above the line advertising because you cant get away from it.
Below is an example of merchandise for the the James Bond film Casino Royale.



Viral Marketing: Viral Marketing is basically word of mouth. For example "2012" published a website about the upcoming film. People started to believe that the world was going to end, and it caused major problems. People then told other people and then it eventually got into the media. This is what film producers of "2012" wanted their website to do. They wanted it to cause problems so that the film would get extra media attention.

Synergy Marketing: Synergy Marketing is when film producers use the success of a company to promote theirs. For example "up" and many others have used McDonald's success to advertise their film. They would put it on toys, and balloons and even the happy meal boxes. Another example is that James Bond producers used their success to promote "Sony".





Product Placement: This is where companies use the success of a film to promote their product. For example in James Bond, Daniel Craig promotes a lot of products. A few of the thing's he promotes would be Aston Martin's and Rolex watches.



Bridget Jones Diary (Working Title): To promote the film, the producers used merchandise. There was poster's, badges, keyrings and clothing that you could purchase from large cinema's. Bridget Jones' diary producers hired workers to promote their film and tell other people about it. The premiere would of also been talked about and passed on. They used "Galaxy" to promote Bridget Jones' diary by having competitions on front of the popular chocolate bar wrapper. Aswell as this they used Product placement by creating a soundtrack and promoting it on the movie. This would mean that people would buy it because they liked it or because they wanted it because bridget jones had it.

The Boat That Rocked(Working Title): To promote the film, producers used merchandise. They made clothing, posters and advertised in magazines and on social networking sites. They used viral marketing by having a premiere which got into the media which then was talked about as well as being in newspapers. They produced a soundtrack which was form of product placement.

James Bond-Casino Royale(Columbia Pictures): To promote the film, producers used merchandise. These included toys, gadgets, keyrings, bed covers, mugs, clothing and many more. Word about the new James Bond film coming out was soon spread around, from it being in the media and on the news to the news on the school playground and in the workplace. Of course the centre of attention was the new character of James Bond, Daniel Craig. There was premieres everywhere which soon got into the media. Before the film Daniel Craig promoted his new film by doing adverts for top brands including "sony".Producers wanted to use the success of "sony" and to promote their film. Product placement was used in Casino Royale with Daniel Craig wearing "Rolex" watches and driving "Aston Martins". They wanted their products to be seen in this film so that people would buy them to be like Daniel Craig.

As you can see, there is a very big difference between middle range films and Hollywood films. Hollywood films have alot more money to spend on marketing and advertisement than what middle of the range films do. Therefore Hollywood films always seem to be the most popular ones because of them being marketed so well.

Promoting Films

Above The Line Marketing

Above the line marketing is basically advertisements that you cany get away from. They are everywhere. If a hollywood film is just about to come out its advertised everywhere. Billboards, Magazines, bus sides, Social networking sites newspapers, and trailers. When hollywood hit films have premieres you can never get away from them. They are always on the news or in newspapers. Some even go as far as making merchandise and clothing.

Below The Line Marketing

Below the line marketing is never as over the top as above the line marketing. If you want to see advertisements on films that aren't going to be as popular you have to look for it more. They won't be all over the place like above the line advertisements. You will find them in magazines, on websites and in newspapers but nothing so extreme as premieres on the news or merchandise and clothing.


Strategies Of Marketing

2012: The studio released a teaser trailer of 2012 on November 12th 2008. The studio also launched a viral marketing website operated by the fictional institute for human continuity, where filmgoers could register for lottery number to be part of a small population that would be rescued from the global desruction. More stategie of marketing that the producers used for "2012" are posters, building sized billboards, bus sides, merchandise, magazines and many more.

A Serious Man: A serious man was released in the United States on October 2nd 2009. The film has attracted a highly positive critical response. They used magazines and websites to promote the film in the united states. This film isn't as big as "2102". However film producers still managed to use posters, magazines and social networking sites to promote this film.

Bunny & The Bull: Bunny & The Bull is an upcoming Britsh Comedy from writer/director Paul King. It is currently planned for release in November 2009. This has the lowest budget out of these three films. This resulted in thier promotional advertising techniques being alot less noticeable. To promote the film Noel Fielding was cast as one of the main characters. This would then attract his fans of his previous work. They used thier own film website, social networking sites, and had a premiere to promote this film. The premiere however did not have a huge affect on the media attention because of it's level of popularity.

Male Gaze

The male gaze can be described as feminist reference to the voyeuristic way in which men look at women. It refers to the ways viwers look at images of people in any visual medium. "To gaze implies more than to look at. It signifies a psychological relationship of power, in which the gazer is superior to the object of the gaze."

Forms of gaze

• The sepctators gaze
• The intra-diagetic gaze
• The direct address (or extra-diagetic) to the viewer.
• The look of the camera
• The gaze of a bystander
• The gaze of an audience within a text.

Direction og gaze:

Trever Millum distinguished between these forms of attention in his study of women in magazine advertisements.

• Attention directed towrads others.
• Attentionndirected towards an object.
• Attention directed towards oneself.
• Attention directed to the reader/camera.
• Attention directed into middle distnace.

Paul Messaris (1997) notes that traditionally, men do not look directly into the camera, although "during the past btwo decades... there has been a notable countertrend in male-oriented advertising, fetauring men whose poses contain some of the same elements....traditionally associated with women. This seems likely to indicate an explict concern about how men look in the eyes of women".

Paul Messaris (1997) notes that the female models in ads addressed to women, "treat the lens as a substitute for the eyes of women".

Laura Mulvey- The Male Gaze

• "Visual pleasure and narrative cinema" (1975)
• Active male/passive female.
• "Women as image"/"Man as bearer of the look"
• Voyeuristic
• Fetishistic

Critism's with Mulvey's theory.

• A failure to account for a female spectator
• Looks only at the spectator as being a heterosexual male.
• Since 1980's there has been an increasing display and sexualisation of the male body in mainstream cinema and televsion advertising.

Categorising facial expressions.

Shameless-Episode 1

Fiona

Fiona is seen to be the responsibility of the Gallagher family. She acts as the kids mum due to her mum leaving home and her dad's lack of responsibility to them. She wears gold loop earings and a tracksuit which gives the audience a impression of a 'chav'. The area where they live now is quite rough and suits them all down to the ground. Her social class is very much lower one. In one of the scenes Frank comes in drunk and lies on the floor almost unconcious. Fiona is looking down to him as the camera is pointing up. This suggests that fiona is of higher importance than him and is basically the one in charge. the boss.

Steve

Steve is of higher class and authority than the gallaghers. We find this out almost straight the way. He stands on the balcony and watches fiona dancing on the floor below. Steve wears a suit jacket and trousers, which also tells us that he is of higher authority compared to fiona's gold hoop earings and tracksuit. What he wears also gives the audience an impression that he is fairly wealthy. But is he wealthy by his own work, or does he get his money some other way?

Lip

Lip is the oldest son in the family. He acts grown-up in a way, as he sticks up for his family and looks after them the best he can. He is very intelligent especially at physics and especially compared to the others. We find this out in the first scene where he is helping Karen with her homework. He shares a bedroom with his Brother Ian and seems to look after him. They have a close relationship with each other. We find this out when Lip finds out about his Brothers sexuality and how Lip is so surprised about what his brother has been hiding from him.

Frank

Frnak is the so called dad of the family. Moost nights he comes home drunk and goes straight back out in the morning to start again. He has no job which suggests he is a layabout and that he doesnt provide for his family. Frank acts like a gorilla and has no cleanliness at all. He wears a scfuffy t-shirt and jeans what he never really changes alot, and always wears a leather jacket which he's had for a long time.

Veronica

Veronica is Fion's best friend. She's a notherner of lower class. we first find this out due to her gobby actions when sticking up for herself and her best friend outside of a night club. She dresses cheaply and is not lady like or elegant at all. Wheras fions seems to have that elegant lady like manner a bit more than what veronica does.

Dead Man's Shoes, This is England & Hot Fuzz

Hot Fuzz
Budget- 8,000,000
Hot fuzz is a humerous comedy, which turned out to be a very popular film. Popular British film/tv starts were the main characters in this popular film.

This is England

Budget- £1.500,000

The filmmakers wanted to produce a film that would make people understand what growing up in a poorer society is like.

Dead Man's Shoes
Budget-£723,000

The writers of dead man' shoes wanted to produce a good thriller that would shock audiences around the world.

Upper Class